The DrNB Nephrology question set, chapter by chapter
Every previous-year question is answered in one of these 9 chapters. Chapters marked “free answers” have solved answers in the free sample.
Volume One — Chapters 1–9: physiology, electrolytes, acid–base, diagnostics, AKI, CKD, CKD–MBD, anaemia and glomerular disease66 topics · 137 questions
- Chapter 1 · Renal Anatomy, Development, Physiology & Cell Biology free answers1.1 Structure of the Nephron · 1.2 The Glomerular Filtration Barrier · 1.3 The Renal Interstitium · 1.4 Uromodulin in Health and Disease · 1.5 Renal Autoregulation and Tubuloglomerular Feedback · 1.6 Determinants of GFR and Renal Functional Reserve · 1.7 Urine Concentration and Dilution — the Countercurrent Multiplier · 1.8 Aquaporins · 1.9 Kidney Development and Nephrogenesis · 1.10 Nephron Endowment · 1.11 Podocyte Structure, the Slit Diaphragm, and Podocyte Injury and Repair · 1.12 NETosis, Autophagy and Regulated Cell Death in Kidney Injury · 1.13 Transforming Growth Factor-β and the Mediators of Fibrosis · 1.14 Renin–Angiotensin–Aldosterone Physiology · 1.15 The Ageing Kidney · 1.16 Endocrine Functions of the Kidney · 1.17 Experimental Models of Kidney Disease
- Chapter 2 · Fluid, Electrolyte & Volume Disorders2.1 Renal Handling of Potassium, TTKG and the Approach to Hyperkalaemia · 2.2 Water Balance, Hyponatraemia, SIADH and Cerebral Salt Wasting · 2.3 Polyuria and Diabetes Insipidus · 2.4 Magnesium — Renal Handling and Disorders of Metabolism · 2.5 Calcium Handling and the Approach to Hypercalcaemia · 2.6 Body Fluid Compartments and the Pathophysiology of Oedema · 2.7 Hypokalaemia — Causes and the Diagnostic Approach · 2.8 The Calcium-Sensing Receptor
- Chapter 3 · Acid–Base Disorders3.1 Renal Acid Handling, Ammonia Metabolism and Net Acid Excretion · 3.2 Metabolic Acidosis, the Anion Gap and Alkali Therapy in CKD · 3.3 Metabolic Alkalosis and the Saline-Resistant Alkaloses · 3.4 Strong Ion Difference and the Physicochemical Approach to Acid–Base
- Chapter 4 · Clinical Evaluation, Urinalysis, Biopsy & Diagnostics4.1 Complete Urine Analysis, Sediment Examination and Urinary Indices · 4.2 Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate and Assessment of Renal Function · 4.3 Approach to Isolated Haematuria · 4.4 Renal Biopsy — Indications, Procedure, Specimen Handling and Stains · 4.5 Electron Microscopy and Advanced Microscopy in Kidney Disease · 4.6 Biomarkers of Tubular Damage and Point-of-Care Diagnostics including POCUS · 4.7 Non-Invasive Assessment of Interstitial Fibrosis
- Chapter 5 · Acute Kidney Injury & Critical Care Nephrology5.1 Hepatorenal Syndrome — Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Management · 5.2 Pathophysiology of Ischaemic and Septic Acute Kidney Injury · 5.3 Sepsis, Septic Shock and the Fluid Resuscitation Debate · 5.4 Kidney Replacement Therapy in AKI — Indications, Timing, Modality and Dose · 5.5 Contrast-Associated Acute Kidney Injury · 5.6 Pigment Nephropathy and Rhabdomyolysis-Induced AKI · 5.7 Acute Kidney Injury in the Tropics and Snakebite Envenomation · 5.8 Atheroembolic Kidney Disease · 5.9 The AKI to CKD Transition, Long-Term Follow-up and Prevention of AKI SYSTEMIC EFFECTS · 6.1 Uraemic Toxins, the Gut Microbiome and Dysbiosis in CKD · 6.2 Cardiovascular Disease in CKD and the Cardiorenal Syndrome · 6.3 Nutrition, Protein-Energy Wasting and Malnutrition in CKD and Dialysis · 6.4 Obesity, Metabolic Factors and Bariatric Surgery in Kidney Disease · 6.5 Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonism in CKD · 6.6 Burden, Aetiology and Progression of CKD, and CKD of Unknown Origin · 6.7 Kidney Failure in the Elderly, Conservative Kidney Management and Palliative Nephrology · 6.8 Global Kidney Health — Challenges and Initiatives
- Chapter 6 · Chronic Kidney Disease — Progression, Complications & Systemic Effects
- Chapter 7 · CKD–Mineral and Bone Disorder7.1 CKD–MBD — Pathophysiology, Classification, Laboratory Diagnosis and Management · 7.2 FGF-23 and the Klotho Axis · 7.3 Vascular Calcification and Calcific Uraemic Arteriolopathy · 7.4 Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in CKD
- Chapter 8 · Anaemia of Chronic Kidney Disease8.1 Pathogenesis of Renal Anaemia and the Role of Hepcidin · 8.2 Iron Metabolism and Iron Therapy in CKD · 8.3 Erythropoiesis-Stimulating Agents and HIF Prolyl Hydroxylase Inhibitors
- Chapter 9 · Glomerular Disease9.1 IgA Nephropathy — Pathogenesis, Prognosis and Management · 9.2 Membranous Nephropathy — Antigens, Biopsy, Risk Stratification and Treatment · 9.3 Complement Biology, C3 Glomerulopathy and Complement Inhibitors · 9.4 FSGS and the Complications of Nephrotic Syndrome · 9.5 Infection-Related Glomerulonephritis · 9.6 Antigens in Glomerular Disease, and the Causes of Rapidly Progressive Renal Failure
